Playful behaviors are a vital necessity, they allow puppies to adjust against each other, they learn to initiate and stop the games, communicate with other dogs, to assimilate the social codes of their species and control the strength of their jaws. As adults, they are released and they are so full of energy, time spent waiting for the return of the master, continue to learn new behaviors, are experimenting with unusual learning.

Games to avoid

Be discouraged owners who wish to play with their pet to engage in lawsuits, infighting and competition on an object, the stronger wins. This competition serves only to excite everyone, neither partner was prepared to lose.

Aggressive behavior, anger and frustration are soon to occur, on both sides. We propose instead to launch a piece of wood or a ball that the dog will pick up if it pleases her, but we forget the balance of power.

Attention to potentially dangerous objects such as plastic bottles (including the small pieces are crumbling), the “Pouic-Pouic” poor quality (the mechanism very little could be ingested), and what could be “confused” by Milou with toys for your child.

Make it a good time

He did not necessarily want to deploy in every sense! Sometimes we stress to move the dog, then it does not seem to find joy.

As we have often said here, you will almost certainly make her happy in her proposantdes encounters with other dogs during walks unforeseen or scheduled meetings with other teachers. It will be an opportunity to measure the real motivation of your dog to have fun, to observe social games, dogs that chase, leap, to make calls, set off warnings. And those who do not wish to take away, bypass the situation.

Unfortunately this is not always possible: some dogs are not sociable, others are afraid, or their health and their morphology does not permit … and sometimes it is the owners who are concerned about not knowing how to interpret the attitudes games or manage situations of excitement.

How fun here?

A walk in which the dog may be released from his leash safely seems ideal for it to have a good time anyway. We’ll see Snowy stroll quietly, or when jumping, running alone, leap, seize objects and have fun with. It makes all the senses (particularly its smell), his jaws and legs, is essential for him, whatever his age, even kept on a leash if you’re scared of losing him.

It is obviously crucial to adjust the expenditure of energy and our proposals for activities to its actual need. No need to take our old dog for an outing interminable minutes in a serene environment, but again, enough to vary their daily lives. As for the young dog needs intense, it will take longer for him.

Finally, there are many toys available to us, they are “homemade” with an old slipper or improved to bring the dog to develop a strategy (to get food) and think hard … the only rule for owners is to ensure the security and integrity of the animal.

The question of dominance is well known to most dog owners know that if they want to enforce obedience to their animal, they must exercise some authority over him.

Unfortunately, this concept is often misunderstood and confused with the balance of power, aggression.

Result: either the masters cry constantly after their dog, or worse, the strike to force him to obey, or, unwilling to have this kind of relationship with their four-legged friend, they simply decide to abdicate, and so what if it does as its head.

The first method, sometimes advocated by some bad trainers (since it must “break” the dog) is not only cruel but often harmful. It can cause various behavioral problems ranging from aggression, offensive or defensive, prostration.

But if teachers who chose the second option make their dog feel happy leaving it to act at will, they are sadly mistaken. Indeed, when one gives in to his every whim, you put your dog in a very uncomfortable position: the head, but at other times, it requires him to obey as a subordinate. However, these two positions, chief and subordinate, are incompatible, which will create for the animal incomprehension and frustration. This opens the door to all kinds of behavioral problems.

In an attempt to assume his position or relieve his discomfort, the dog may, in some cases, behaviors defense, flight or compensation that are deemed “undesirable” by the master. This may quickly lose interest in such an animal and abandoning it.

The notion of social hierarchy is the dog for a fundamental concept that it is important to rehabilitate if one wants to improve relations between people and their canine companions. Ignore the laws that govern this hierarchy is to deny the very nature of his animal and unleash all sorts of interpretations biased by the spirit of the owners, even benevolent.

Imagine a child who would go to class at the age of 18 or 20 years, having never learned to read or write … That is exactly what happens with dogs that refused to accept the Education clubs, the vast majority at the age of 1 year or rarely 6 months. I created this concept which is now based in several countries. The role of Dog Training Clubs under the control of the Canine Central Company is to give the puppy a start in life and correct information to the master, in order to understand and navigate. We know that over 99% of dogs are devoted to the role of pet dogs adapted to the city.

Why is education so young?

The most important period for the storage bases for learning and for setting up a “temperament” is understood in general, between 3 weeks and 6 months. The teacher who takes a dog becomes for him, both his mother, his father, his pack leader, and his clan. The dog, like all mammals reared by a group, will learn how to live in a habitat and how to correspond with group members or those of other groups. Some say that the puppy naturally wants to please his master, in fact it is like the little child that tests its environment, the teacher is there to encourage or to correct a particular behavior. We can make a future dog well educated, sociable and affectionate, discreet if necessary. It can also transform into a monster: destructive, barking, biting, asocial, etc..

What can the puppy’s school teacher?

The main problem of coexistence between the puppy and his master is especially novice level of communication, at school it will learn what is the relationship between humans and dogs the most effective, how to communicate with him, instead of the puppy in the house, how to improve social behavior, what is a healthy hierarchy to enforce without brutality, basic education unconstrained by natural methods, basic care and grooming for good health Puppy, gesture citizen in town to not only the puppy is a nuisance to passersby and does not stain the sidewalks, how to react when the inappropriate behavior, control of dogs in any circumstances …

Ages

We are not talking about race because they are all on an equal footing at this age, it is nevertheless desirable to split the pups in two age categories to avoid pushing too manly. So we divide:

- 1st class: up to 4 months
- 2nd class: 4 to 6 months

The exercises to be charged

As it is well prepared to live with the puppy and his master in its environment, we note a few years mainly:

1 – Sociability:

- By playing free puppies are still working their canine language, they began to learn with their mother, their brothers and sisters. They continue their infiltration of the species.
- Sociability with strangers is even more important and it is interesting to introduce one of the puppies, of various categories of people: Adults (men and women), older children, infants (beware of overzealous with claws and licking).
- You can also have fun dressing up some of them with uniform, helmet, blouse, carnival mask, etc.. In any case the future dog should fear any particular human.

2 – The hierarchy

It will be to prepare the puppy to consider its master like a pack leader and not as an equal. Simply engaging in these few gentle exercises to fix the problem once and for all.
- The gentle handling.
They contribute to the hierarchy and to socialization. They prepare dogs and contacts to bear without complaint handling, from: a veterinarian (no need to muzzle), a judge exposure or work, a groomer, a child the street, etc.. we take the puppies one by one to avoid distractions. Is lifted in the arms. Handing it to another teacher who passes it to the next. We examine teeth, ears, raise the tail as if to take the temperature.
It is placed on the table to handle for the brush.
- The bowl
A puppy character will tend to react as he did with his brothers and sisters, by forbidding anyone to approach a human or animal when eating. We put a few biscuits or food as usual the teacher will take care to make in the bowl. We let the puppy enter his meal and asked the teacher to put his hands inside. If he growls or attempts to bite, the teacher must take by the scruff of the neck with a “no” strong, firmly but gently. It is a fairly simple ways to ensure fast and definitely have a dog throughout his life hierarchical (experience has proved that hundreds of dogs).
- Keep on the back
Puppies to aggressive tendencies must be returned on the back and kept for a few seconds, even accepting that the master rides.

3 – Stress resistance

The puppy needs to make major acquisitions with respect to “sensory homeostasis”, that is to say, the balance between the environment and himself. It must withstand the stimulation of the human environment with its smells, sounds of the city, its movements, different soils … This learning must be done as soon as possible before the age of 3 months must have been confronted in stimulation it will in adulthood, if he does not pay later. I used the puppy to school my experience to training future guide dogs for the blind, dogs for disabled dogs disaster.
It provides visual stimulation as the corridor where they must pass from which hang streamers, foam tubes, plastic bottles, etc.. Acoustic stimuli with various noises and sounds CD.
Tactile stimuli as different soils, and moving obstacles which they can move.
Olfactory stimuli consist of boxes that contain odors bones, fish, herbs, etc.. They may be attracted by them but can not be accessed by cons they may have the tiny tidbit is that his master, resulting in a trivialization of attractive odors. Later it will be useful not to scan for strong scents (fox dung, for example), when walking in the forest.

4 – Obedience

In no case shall be binding, it must be based primarily on the game and the pleasure he feels at runtime. A dog is a real player gold mine for the teacher who wants to instill an education, provided to proceed methodically. It’s organized distraction: the ball game, toy or treat is a powerful magnet that serves to properly orient behaviors, with the main principles of my natural methods.
- Reminder :
It will make gains that go with growing difficulties, for example:
- The puppy is kept by the monitor, the master called to order by showing what he has in hand.
- The puppy must not monitor, master’s call, and showing what he has in hand.
- The puppy is required, the master calls and disappears from his sight (Cache)
In this exercise should be varied situations and you can ask the teacher to lie down, sit on a chair. At each arrival, of course, the puppy receives the candy or the object of the game and congratulated by his master.
- Walking the walk :
It does not use a leash, it is superfluous since the master has in his hand what attract his pupil. At first he often rewards every few steps, then less and less. Subsequently, we move to the heeling with distractions.
- Positions :
He will learn positions, Sitting, Laying, Standing, in order, with the help of the object of the game or the treat that fits in your hand. In the air to sit on the ground to the bed, on the side to the upright.
And the signals it will retain both acoustic and visual, which will later be ordered from a distance.
The positions will run off at the teacher before the puppy at his side, but also in motion when walking or on the table, with or without this distraction.

The city

Let us not forget that these dogs prepare well educated for the city, yet many fail to master this important point. The instructors of the club at heart will therefore organize occasional trips in small groups in town (this time the puppies are flexible leash), teachers are provided with their toy or treat to learn to deflect attention in stressful situations, or can be obeyed despite distractions.

A puppy that has had the opportunity to attend the School of the puppy, equivalent to our kindergarten, has every chance to integrate the life of his master and that of our society under the best conditions. This is the best prevention against bad behavior!

Based on genetic testing, all dogs descended from wolves. When one observes the behavior of wolves and codes to which they respond and they are compared to those of dogs, we can only be convinced of that. The dogs respond to all codes of behavior similar to those of wolves.

So if you know the rules of the society of wolves, one is able to behave clear to the dog and it will be comfortable with us if we respect those rules. It is for us humans to learn social rules and not dogs to them to learn ours, too complex for their intelligence.

The wolf lives in society, the pack. This company is not governed precise rules and standards. Some wolves may live alone, for various reasons (excluded from the pack for bad behavior, widowed or for personal reasons!), But they never lose contact (distance) with the pack through signs and markers as feces, urine, food scraps, the screams …

The pack has a leader, the dominant, all-powerful. This item is hard won in the face of suitors who may also dominate him play at any occasion. This item has privileges but also obligations and is not easy. What a responsibility! The pack leader is responsible for the survival of the pack, its food, its safety. It makes the police and ensure that everything is in order: hygiene of the den, harmony of the group …

It may delegate responsibilities and rights to his companion who also enjoys privileges. Decide on the place of life, travel, hunting. It feeds on the first (the others are waiting for him to finish eating) and may even decide to leave immediately after a meal without leaving the others to eat if it detects an absolute necessity to do so. When we know the psychological power of the belly, we see how his authority is great. He uses an absolute but always to good effect and in the interest of all of an authority recognized by others who are bent. If it is not up to his office, he will be challenged and may then be degraded or removed from the pack. This is not strong authority from authoritarianism. It is necessary for the survival of the group.

Other pack members are considered depending on their strength and intelligence that determines their rank and duties within the group. A hierarchy is established. It can be questioned. Any junior obeyed without question his superior unless that can take its place, he must prove by fighting.

Some of the behaviors of pack leader:

- And he goes before the first pass in a narrow passage;
- He eats the first and only;
- It can deprive others of food in case of need;
- He decided to travel through time and space;
- Manage the organization and conduct of the pack.

How these rules can they be useful to the owner of a dog?

The authority

A good relationship depends on the rules and do well respected and, therefore, an authority established and exercised. But the dog is not able to assimilate the complex rules of humans. So use it with the rules he knows innately.

A few rules to abide by the master will allow the dog to know that is not the head. The family is its pack and the teacher should be the leader of the pack or at least the supervisor of the dog. Of course, it is not about survival of the group but living in harmony and security among members of the “family-pack” and the rest of society (neighborhood meetings in public, …).

The authority is scary to many people who equate the brutality of morality. Demonstrate authority, provided it is properly, is not a sign of disrespect, meanness, brutality and violence. The authority does not the affection and tenderness. Its proper use is even a proof of love towards those to whom it applies. Is this to be mean with her dog to exercise authority to forbid him to run free in a street with heavy traffic?

If you love your dog, it is the leader and we exercise the authority that flows from it. To be happy, the dog needs to know where his place in the group. The authority that his master has gently but firmly reassured by telling him. We then have a quiet companion, happy, knowing where it belongs and therefore well integrated into the family but also with strangers. And it makes her happiness a hundredfold since the dog is an animal capable of love and gratitude, which, unlike humans, never betrays.

So, to establish and maintain its authority, the master will use the same rules as the wolf pack leader:

- By “heeling” the dog’s head will not be further forward than the leg of the master;
- The dog will go after his master in the doors or stairs;
- The dog will not eat just before the family – if, for any practical reason, the teacher prefers to eat before, it will leave a long enough time between meals and his dog to remove any notion of precedence;
- When humans eat, it will not be tolerated no beggars and we will ensure that the dog is being held at a distance (and not below) the table;
- When the dog eats and before he had finished, the teacher should be able to remove his bowl (or bone) without protest. This may be a showdown the first time but the master will necessarily have the last word. This is very important to establish the hierarchy between master and dog. The teacher will maintain its dominance in doing so occasionally.

These marks of authority are essential and must be manifested at all times and especially since the trend towards the dominance of the dog is stronger.

There are two types of characters: the dominant and the dominated. These characteristics are innate and unrelated to race or education.

The dominant will always seek to control. They will try to establish their authority throughout the world, the master, his spouse, children, parents, friends, animals in the home (and not only dogs but also cats, horses …). These are dogs that will not necessarily difficult but that he will ever remember who order and where they belong. With them, you should never deviate from the rule. This type of character is strongly recommended for people who are not gifted to exert authority.

The dominated are usually good pasta that are content to live and readily accept the rules imposed on them. With these, we can possibly accept derogations from the rules (let them pass before him, for example) because they do not take this as a sign of dominance.

But there must always be exercised by the contracting authority on the dog with a dominant as a dominated. The difference between one and the other will be in the dose of authority and firmness with which it is acting. The teacher should always be the leader. That women do not see any sexism from us if, for simplicity, we use the masculine. These rules also apply to the “master”. A wolf may well be pack leader. In the family-pack, the spouse “master” must also have authority over the dog.

Education

This is not the same as the establishment and maintenance of the authority. Education is learning the rules of good conduct in society. Just as one learns a child not to enter without knocking, to say hello … we will teach her four-legged friend to be quiet, to walk the walk, sit, back foot, not to not move. These are the minimum mandatory obedience a dog must have earned for good behavior in human society. Anyone that supports a dog (even temporarily) must know how to get it from him. But to get the right education, the authority must have been previously established.

It is important to use the right command. It may also be associated with the oral order sign an order allowing you to control the dog in silence or remotely without having to scream. The dog not leash should always remain “in control” of his master. Do not forget also that the dog has not a very good sight beyond ten meters and may have trouble recognizing his master among others.

Orders (in bold sound box):

- “Heel” for the recall (and never “come here” the dog confused with ‘sit’) – a gesture: the outstretched arm hits the thigh on the side in a large movement that the dog must be visible from afar;
- “Sitting” to fix it (a dog is not standing totally calm and attentive) – gesture, the index points to the ground;
- “Shut up” – a gesture: the finger vertically across the mouth (hush!)
- “On foot” for it to work at the head of the leg, with or without leaves, the latter having little slack but not tight – a gesture: the same as “heel” but walking;
- “Not move” (the dog must already be seated) so that it remains motionless while the teacher moves away and even if it comes out of sight of the dog – a gesture: the flat of the hand facing the dog ;
- “Lying” – gesture: hand flat palm down dropping towards the ground;
- “Process” or “will” for free – a gesture: the outstretched arm rises, pointing to a direction with the index.

The dog is sensitive to the tone of voice that indicates the mood of his master. A mandatory order should always be given with a dry tone. The dog recognizes the voice of his master but a good habit is to precede the order of his name. This reinforces the dog’s attention and is useful if there are multiple dogs in the environment.

The Game

The dog is very playful and not only in his young age. He needs to play with his master because it is a very special moment where the complicity grows. Hence the importance of teachers to play alone with the dog from time to time, several times a week and not always at the same times and under the same circumstances. Indeed, one should not accustom the dog to a rite that could make him do the whims if for some reason the game was not possible at the usual time.

In the game, too, is the teacher who takes the initiative to start and stop. If the dog asks to play and that this is not the appropriate time, the master refused. If the dog insists, “no!” farm. And when it’s time to stop playing, stop playing the master (if possible with a word that the dog will recognize as “stop,” it’s over “or” stop “), takes possession of the toy s it is intended to play together and calm the dog with hugs and words of congratulation on soothingly.

Dressage

Is learning to work: dog, police dog, avalanche dog, dog rubble, …

Children and Dogs

Next they are dominant or dominated, dogs may regard children differently. The dominated accept many of the children but may not be good stewards. The dominant will probably excellent protective by preventing, for example, small to go where there is danger (street, stairs, river …). They will express their authority over the child (for good reason) but will not allow the child to show leadership towards them because they consider them to be higher in the hierarchy of the family-pack. One can imagine how a dog can assert its dominance: stampede, paw, bite, … that’s how they impose and enforce in a pack.

One should never leave a child walking alone a dog. Do not trust a dog to a person he would not accept authority. And even less to walk the dogs by children as seen in some shelters run by people full of goodwill but totally unconscious. The safety of everyone who is not so assured, that of the child (a dog react aggressively to the authority of the child he refuses), the beings encountered (the dog escapes and causes a fight with another dog or a traffic accident) and also that of the dog itself (collision with a vehicle).

In any case, always evaluate the child-dog relationship and be vigilant. This implies never leave children alone with a dog, even one dominated. Children, lacking the knowledge of social rules of the dogs (which we seek to inculcate as soon as possible), will therefore conduct that will ignore. Bites on children in the home (and outside) have their origin mostly in the incomprehension of a dog by the attitude of the child.

The dog is an integral part of human life and this for several reasons: journeyman (lonely or not) health and dynamic (walking), openness to other services (low vision, warning, warning), rescue (sea, avalanches , missing persons) … We can not ignore it and live as if there were not. The education of children with social rules canines, even if there is no dog in the family, is desirable. They must be taught how to behave with a dog. This could be done in the early years of primary school.

Meeting a strange dog

The unexpected meeting

People who are afraid of dogs have a greater risk of being bitten by them. Fear causes aggression in dogs just like they believed that if you’re scared of them, because we have something to criticize them.

Faced with an aggressive dog, does not have an aggressive reaction in believing intimidating. Keep a dignified, calm and respectful towards her, do not look straight in the eye because some dogs take this for a challenge (it’s an attitude of domination). It must make him understand that his aggressiveness (whether motivated by his own fear or because he is defending a territory) is not justified. Do not let him see it inspires fear perhaps. If you accidentally entered an area which has custody or seen as such, it comes out without turning your back and unhurried. He speaks in a soft voice to calm.

If you are on neutral territory, you can try the gesture of the outstretched arm (high to avoid the risk of being bitten on the hand) to where you want the dog to go to make way. You can also try persuasion with the orders “shut up” and “down” (not aggressive, with a firmness “affectionate” in tone). If the dog is well educated, he will perhaps understand what we want. But in any case, do not engage in unnecessary power struggle whose outcome will probably not be to our advantage.

The meeting welcomed

Do not rush towards him, much less crying (this for children), do not lean toward him (keep your head up high) and stay calm. If we want to make him a hug, you should check before any signs of the denial of contact: ears folded back, the hair bristling on the back, grunting or simply the diversion of head. The look of the dog must be frank. Attention in relation to him is: look in the eye is a sign of domination. Some dogs do not like it at all. Where a sign of rejection or aggression occurs, we will not insist. The small dogs are not worse than the large but they are more nervous and very often have an inferiority complex because of their size. This may make them more aggressive as well vis-à-vis large dogs than humans (statistically, Dachshunds are the most biting!).

If it is possible to get better acquainted, we slowly introduce the hand (left if right handed and vice versa) in the dog to sniff. Without bending or keeping your head out of the reach of the jaws, the back of the hand to be introduced slowly, vertically, fingers folded. Let the dog sniff the hand and the time he wants, he gives no sign of rejection, approach slowly the hand of his cheek or stroking his chin and there and especially not on top of the head, in any case at this stage presentations. Indeed, a dog mounted on the back of another to whom he wants to impose its domination. The hand on the head could be interpreted as a sign of domination, and if the dog is a dominant, he may not appreciate it from a stranger. And we talk to the dog in a gentle voice and kind. No matter what he says, since it does not understand human language, it is the intonation of the voice that counts.

The meeting of the master and his dog with another person

The dog “good about yourself” should not be worried of a human encounter. No sign of aggressiveness of the interviewee, he must, even if he is aware and on guard against a stranger, keep a neutral attitude. That, again and again, the master control: it is the behavior of his master that the dog will know what to understand from this meeting. One can imagine then, that people under stress, worried, anxious will, because anxiety is highly contagious, dogs lack confidence and therefore if not more anxious than their masters. And an anxious dog is a dog potentially aggressive.

The people we meet, if they do not have dogs, will probably not be introduced to the canine social rules and the teacher must be attentive to that.

The meeting of the master and his dog with another dog

If the dog is also met on a leash, even if not of atoms hooked together, the risk is not great. Just do not let them approach each other. Anyway, a well-behaved dog should sit at the foot of his master when it stops working (this should be automatic without notice).

Met and if the dog is not leashed? If they sniff (it’s their way of getting to know) without aggression, we can not let one minute more. Then, walk normally again.

By cons, if aggressive, it will immediately release the leash (see below how to keep it). Do not try to remove the necklace because it takes time and is not easy with a dog nervous and jumping. And leaves a trailing edge: the leash is a symbol of authority of the master and then indicates to the dog, it is totally free in his movements, it is not free of that authority.

So we drop the leash for two reasons:

- Because a dog of good size risk, jumping, falling to the person at the other end and the battle likely to be near her, it can be pushed or take a bite lost;
- Because a dog is tied at a disadvantage and that it multiplies its aggressiveness. Once detached, the dog will feel free to defend himself, he will calm down and, generally, it also calm the other dog that sees the balance of power back to a less favorable ratio.

The media dog

Everyone knows that the dog has a keen sense of smell: a million times more than the man! It’s his best sense. For him, the smells are marks, signs of recognition, marks, tags, … Tastes dogs are not the same as those of humans. A delicious smell for humans may be awful for a dog and vice versa. Have you ever seen a dog roll with delight in a dung?

The dog’s hearing is two times finer than human. The dog perceives frequencies more than two times higher and collects the same ultrasound. In addition to the oral and gestural mode, one can use a whistle ultrasound to guide dog while in use is more delicate. The dog hears so many orders properly articulated his master.

The dogs’ eyes are placed laterally giving them a better panoramic view. They have poor eyesight closely, right from one or two meters to ten meters. But this varies according to race. Shepherd dogs used since the dawn of time to watch the flocks in large spaces can see the movement of sheep over one kilometer. But they do not see that anything that moves. They have good vision at night and would very much green and other colors very poorly.

The bark is the language of the dog. A human is not necessarily dangerous when he speaks or even cry. It is natural that a dog barks to say something (her joy, her sorrow, fear, anguish) to alert (he heard a noise that seems suspicious or he announces the arrival of someone), to prevent an intruder is spotted it (it was found that neighborhoods where there are dogs are less frequented by burglars who prefer discretion). … But we must not tolerate endless barking or without cause. We must seek the cause and find a cure.

Holding the leash

- Put your thumb in the air and pass the loop.
- Rotate the wrist so that the leaves over the top of the hand and then back into the palm.
- Close your fingers.

And held the leash is not likely to escape a sudden tension and does not require the clamping force. Another advantage: it allows the dropping emergency as soon as you open your fingers, leaving the left hand not stay hooked.

Many people choose to walk their dog on the left to unleash the right hand.

Education and the dog must first pass through the education of master. Social rules of dog are different from those of humans. The dog can not understand those of humans. The teacher must know the social rules of the dogs, respect and use them for the happiness of his companion and that his behavior is consistent with the rules of life among humans.

Impregnation

During the first 12 weeks of his life, the puppy will live the soak phase also called double imprint.

It is divided into two overlapping periods:

1 / intraspecific footprint (approximately the first 5 weeks): the dog impregnates his fellows, he learns the codes of behavior specific to its own species. Indeed, at birth, the puppy does not have an innate understanding of the social codes of its kind. He must learn to behave as a dog, with specific uses in communication and behavior specific to canines.

2 / footprint inter-specific (or non-specific) also known as phase imprinting to man, the dog learns that there are other species than their own (human and others), discovering sounds, objects, an entire environment. This phase begins around age three to four weeks, and even before, according to the authors.

During this soak period the puppy will acquire the knowledge to have normal behavior against all situations of his future social life (group): control of her jaw, communication, organization system more or less hierarchical, attachment / detachment (how to become autonomous), inhibition of the bite, etc..

Different Learning Puppy

Here is a brief summary of the different learning puppy and as it grows. The ages given are not to be taken to the day, but approximately around this time:

Before birth: prenatal

Gestation lasts about 9 weeks. During the 10-15 days of gestation, the fetus already has tactile skills. It responds to the caress of the womb and to stress that it undergoes, it is essential that the mother’s pregnancy happens in the best possible attention, calmness and serenity.

From birth to 15 days: the neonatal period.

The maturation of the nervous system is far from complete at birth of offspring. Nerve fibers are gradually surrounded by a lipid sheath, myelin, which facilitates the passage of nerve impulses. Myelination of nerve cells and neurons allows the information flow to the brain and brain to members.

The puppy is deaf, blind and unable to move, he spends most of his time sleeping.

The reflex shudder no heat in the early days, which explains that the puppies sleeping in clusters in the first week, then in parallel when they start moving their forelegs (with the progression of myelination of the spine ).

The puppy is totally dependent on her mother who feeds, protects, cleans it by licking by stimulating the removal and ingest their excretions.

Note the appearance of rooting (he tries to bury his head in well hot), labial reflex (he tries to suck anything that comes close to his lips), and perineal reflex (he made his needs when her mother’s womb and licks the perineum).

Experts advise to provide small at birth, a piece of awakening with a variety of sounds, toys of different textures, fabrics, pieces of wood, and other items, to familiarize them with utensils and promote unknown stimulation Sensory.

15 days to 3 weeks period of transition.

This phase is the development of the senses, the puppy opens its eyes (between the 10th and 14th day), mean (between 14 and 21 days), and jumps at the noise (startle)

3rd week:

The puppies are moving towards the sound and light. The group began learning is the primary socialization.
It is also the beginning of the learning behavior of communication with the first barking, growling, barking.
Exploratory behavior (investigation) also begins with a climactic peak to the 23th day.

Week 4: Identification of the environment.

It’s time for essential learning: acquisition of self-monitoring as the inhibition of the bite (the cries of the biter bitten are let go), the hierarchy games.

Warning: if the pups are separated from their siblings at the time, you risk poor control of inhibition of the bite, incomplete learning social rules and a hyper attachment. The attachment may lead to excessive train dogs unable to be alone, for example.

5th week:

This is the period of learning the hierarchy by assessing the space management and availability of food: puppy finds that he can eat only when such individual has completed, or that n has no right to take the treat of an individual who is superior, etc..

Phase aversion also begins at five weeks, the puppy shuns strangers and they tend to fear what’s new. The new species discoveries can be regarded as enemies.

From 5 weeks, the period of attraction decreases even if it never dies. The puppy is less curious about news, but he still receives all the same with interest. It will record in its memory references to living environment, environment.

He will keep the social relations acquired but not try to develop others. The breeder must absolutely increase contacts and experiences during this period.

At the same time, from the 5th week, the puppy discovers that he can have an influence on its environment, for example by pushing an object from the nose or one of his brothers and sisters to attain the highest breast.

6th week:

This week is also very important is that the beginning of relationships with other species, social attachment to humans. If the farmer is male, unmarried, without children, puppies will probably never experienced women or young people. They can therefore fear them in the future because they have not been accustomed to them.

7th week:

This is the best age for separation if it is a dog breeding and thus subject to certain stimuli and not others. He is able, at this age, to adapt to new living conditions.
But with more difficulty than the previous weeks have been instructive.
There is a risk of withdrawal syndrome or isolation if the puppy is left after the seventh week in a farm low stimulation such as “livestock.” See chapter “successful purchase of his breed puppy.”

8th week:

It is the legal age to sell puppies. It is an extremely sensitive period that begins, that of fear, identification and aversion and will extend until about the 12th week (16 according to the authors).
Even if he discovers the fearful behavior, it is in the 8th and the 9th week the puppy is most curious. So the best time for him to do various experiments (see the city, noise, etc. unknown species.) So they are familiar and it does not generate fear when they recur.

It is understandable in light of this information, the lack of socialization leads to inappropriate social behavior of adults.
Fuller JL (1967) even states that if a pup is isolated during the impregnation, it can no longer concentrate, or to other dogs or humans.
If he lives up to the 14th week with fellow humans without seeing it will have a normal behavior with dogs but never with the man, whatever you do to attempt a late socialization. This animal can be tamed and can tolerate food and casual contacts with the human emotional (parts of games, petting …) but will probably never be a pet.

Scott in 1980, said that if between the 3rd and 12th week, a puppy lives with humans without seeing other dogs, it will be very much at ease among humans, which he identified himself, but will not support contact with conspecifics.

The experiments show that Scott and Fuller puppies 5 weeks, first put into contact with humans, approach them with confidence.
If the first contact is 7 weeks, they are reluctant to come forward. If the first contact is 9 weeks, they do not approach humans.
Finally, if the first meeting took place at 14 weeks, the contact became impossible, the behavior is that of a wild animal.

Conclusion:

o if the female was very stressed during her pregnancy, it is likely that the puppies are fearful of their future adult life, or have other effects (anxiety, lack of confidence, fears, etc.).
o all the experiences that the puppy is in the first 12 weeks of his life will affect his adult life (balanced temperament or fearful)
o Note that a range of winter is very different from a range of summer in winter puppies are protected from the cold and the outside, whereas in summer they were released more often, they are contact with nature, the environment is richer and therefore more challenging.

If you must choose your puppy from a litter, pay attention to the following confusion: it is not because a puppy seems to have character (exploratory behavior greater than that of his brothers and sisters) that it will necessarily have a temperament more dominant than another. On the contrary! As he seeks to discover its environment, it takes more risk, and may find themselves faced with a very great fear, which could completely change its character. Hence the absurdity of the use of tests for selective Campbell’s “best” puppy. See the corresponding chapter.

It’s also about development, training, and the real needs of the owner.

The information, knowledge of the dog, so avoid many disappointments.

THE OWNER

Conflicting conceptions.

The psychoanalytic school believes that the love of dog often reflects psychological distress communication with others, difficulty expressing emotions. The dog acts as a distraction, a tranquilizer. The origin is an error in the education very young age, excess or insufficient attention. Loving your dog is loving yourself.

The ethological school considers that there are people to animals and others not, for reasons innate, almost genetic. Man, welfare, needs the contact with other men, but also other species friends. Loving your dog is to love others.

The school considers that the dog utility performs a pleasant or useful, or social compensation or protection, or auxiliary activities (hunting, recreation, etc. …). The dog is hardly a privileged object, such as cars of the 50s, both symbol and relief.

Each of these designs gives examples solid, and there are at least these three possible categories.

THE DOG

Five basic patterns of dogs are by nature rebellious, independent, obedient, submissive, fearful, which can manifest itself through the voice and teeth.
The example breast, human contact, education will influence these trends in the compounding, stabilizing them, neutralizing them.
But these guidelines are not equally distributed among the breeds of dogs.

IMAGE

Each race has an image, a reputation, such as trademarks, which attract rather a particular class of owners. These will often enhance or distort the trend they hope to find, making a dangerous dog or frightened.

THE FORMATION OF CHARACTER

It is between 1 and 3 months, and any mistake at this time is almost final.
Just as the puppy has regular contact with other dogs to adapt, with a man, woman, child for admission.
Few minutes each day are enough games.
Otherwise we will have a marginal and potentially dangerous.

EDUCATIONAL RULES

They are simple :
1) The puppy is not a child, he does not understand verbal language, only the tone, gestures, postures, facial expressions.
2) There is no concept stored. So it can not connect his work to the interpretation of the master even if there is a slight lag in time.
3) By cons he remembers very well now, but you have to repeat things frequently, while others are acquired very quickly.
4) A dog in need of authority and routine to feel comfortable. Freedom and change are human notions that are destabilizing.
5) His joy, his deep need is the attention of the master. The rest was relatively unimportant.
6) He needs to rest, a quiet, semi-closed, obscure.

NEW PUPPY

First impressions will last. His arrival home is not a party, but a task. Neither friends nor neighbors, only the host family, men and beasts.
As soon as he was accustomed, walk wherever he has access, not elsewhere. If he tries to land, take it to the waste area, waiting to congratulate him once it’s done. If it arises in the house, especially not to say anything, take it elsewhere, clean out of sight.
For him, scolding him deal with it, what he wants. So tough, punishing, so prepare to start over.
Punishing a dog is the sulk away, lock him up.
To do accept, cherish others, not him.

OBEDIENCE

Quickly used to the leash, at 3 levels: Come, Sit, No moving.
Come : wait for him alone, just say, petting and praise.
Seated : same thing. Otherwise just put your hand back over his head, gently tap the bottom of the thighs and say: Sit. Petting and praise if it is successful, do not press the rump.
Not move : to halt the hand, or wait until it freezes all alone, saying not to move and go to him fast enough to congratulate him. If loose, turn back without saying anything and doing anything else. Repeat regularly, every day.

This was enough to gain acceptance in society but also to prevent him from being crushed, to prevent stealing, running away, etc. .. is the equivalent of family meals, the parents kiss their children, etc … the dog does not receive such orders as a constraint but as a pleasure to commune with and for his master, know that there is a place for him in the foyer, to be submitted.

THE REWARD

Immediately, otherwise it will issue to something else .
A: Taking care of him . This is the main (even scold him, hit him, are a reward).
B: Speaking the words are meaningless, if the voice. A shrill voice, syncopated, the restless, trouble, and irritates. A calm voice, firm, neutral, soothing. It’s like rocking a baby.
C: Caress : on the head and neck reflects your authority. This is the “this is my son.” Too much or too little support, without manifest joy, can disturb.
Under the neck supercaresse, to reserve for deserving cases.
Tap the sides, back: the normal caress of satisfaction.
D: Reward : a square of cheese is best. Emphasizes the others but may bias the relationship. Not to do so to correct an error.
E: The celebration : it is the height. The joy of the dog is the master of joy expressed by noises (loud laughter), gestures (lift arms), through postures and facial expressions (jump). You must go to ridiculous for you: it’s normal for him. This is very motivating.

PUNISHMENT

Also immediate .
A: Voice : Talking dry, clean, with authority, no long speeches. Otherwise it becomes a reward.
B: Hit : with an object: the threat is enough, the object that should only be used with the hand immediately, dry and order tracking obedience.
Serves little, because the dog likes the cuffs (the contacts of this type do not they part of the fun of rugby).
C: shake : shake by the scruff of the neck is a serious punishment, severe, which may mark a long time.
Not to do in case of aggression (on you or another animal, furniture …).

D: Bouder : the real punishment is to ignore it conspicuously. But do not give in and say “it’s over” with hugs.
E: Scolding : threatening head leaning towards him, glares at him, raising his hand. If he insists, you turn down and spit like a cat turning up the lips.

Stop : as soon as he understood, stop immediately, because if you train him to disobey.
He abdicated in stretching his neck, putting himself on the back, feebly stretching out one paw.
He protests rumbling, leaning forward, pressing on your legs, urinating defiantly. Do not tolerate it, punish immediately shaking and sulking.

YOUR MISTAKES

- The punishment when he returned after refusing to obey. You train them again.
- The hit forgot it was while you were away. This is the draw it again.
- Scolding, punishing him for any mistake made in your absence. It can not be reconciled, and so continue to develop.
- Do not punish immediately before you made a mistake, or worse, the rumble nicely. He said he has the right.
- Allow free to do whatever he wants, do not order it, the pampering without reason: it will take you to an incompetent, then for his puppy, and treat you as such as growling, nipping at you, and if you do not understand, biting: soon they will attack people around you will believe it when you’re scared or you threaten (eg if you turn down to take an object, if you cry …).
- Believe that you understand by interpreting his actions wrongly. You may think dogs can not think of him man.

YOUR LANGUAGE

The position of your body, your hands, your eyes, your voice, your gestures, this is what he sees, including what you believe to hide. You can not lie to her dog.
It reacts with the tail, ears, hair, the grin, the body positions and gestures. That’s what you need to know, especially before a stranger.
If you are afraid: he knows, so do not insist.
If you really do not be afraid: go ahead, it will yield.
If you look across the way, if you look, if you make a sudden movement, the beginnings of a caress, if you cry, if you stumble: it is a threat that can cause it to leak or attack.

CRISES

You have your problems, it has its own: think ahead.
Too young, he does not know what he is entitled to do and what is prohibited.
Teach a man to protest before: he wants to obey (this is one of his greatest joys, because for him is really love).
In the spring, fall, may be upset by the sexual season, and take you for a rival or a partner, if your behavior in relation to it lacked authority.
It is a sign of your disability, not his.
Any change in the restless. Too bad for you if you did not quite reassured every day when you get someone at home.
If you’re worried, bothered, even without saying so, he knows that and will protect you from others, sometimes maliciously. Simply take care of.
While running away, if it goes is that it is not safe at home.
If your dog barks all the time, running away or demolished all, it’s unfortunate.
Learn to think dog, or take any other species to keep you company.

PUPPY TRAINING

Two factors are essential:
Socialization , which is the learning of language and code of relationship with other dogs and to man. It is between 4 and 16 weeks and the 3rd month is essential. Weeks 8-9 and maybe 10 are where fear can definitively established. It is necessary and sufficient that during this period, the puppy have regular contact with other dogs, he will take the behavioral traits, and with man. He must learn to know men, women, children, through contact (fondling), games, and not just the meal.
The early experience , which covers the same period, but with special significance for months 2 and 3. Each puppy should benefit from the 4th week, about 150 m2 of land freely accessible. In addition there may be too reserved. Below, particularly if high cage, small room, kennel, etc. … he will never serve his apprenticeship to a normal life. It will be sweet, loving, or not, depending on his socialization, but it will be subject to sudden panics, crises refusal disconcerting, and he will have learning difficulties. We will have an intelligent adult, yet little able to understand orders. In borderline cases were frank mental illness: the “syndrome of isolation kennel, which makes the subject unsuitable for the company and is a ground for cancellation of the sale.

We must not confuse the proud and reserved, even shy of certain races, with inadequate mental disorders resulting from poor farming conditions. The development of a race through the livestock which itself depends on the tastes of the public, master purchases.
Therefore subjects produce robust, healthy, mentally balanced, and trials of work or education and the specific use is critical to maintaining quality, and these subjects must conform to the standard.
Gather it all, and we will have breeders and owners happy.

The dog communicates through facial expressions or sounds attitudes.

These signs are easy to identify, match its own language and have a specific meaning:

THE TAIL

When it stirs happy tail, your dog is happy, excited or just a particular context. By cons if the low moves, just the tip, and has a dejected, that he feels bad, emotionally or physically (you make jealous stroking another dog for example!). The bitch in heat has a special touch when it raises its tail motionless, indicating that it agrees to enter!

Paw on your leg :

This gesture can mean that calls you a treat or you just give him some attention.

Supine :

It relies entirely on you. It is available … preferably for hugs.

Lying on its four legs, tail folded, ears back, head down :

Sign of submission.

Lying on his side :

Sign of total submission, which may mean he made a mistake and he expects punishment.

Behind in the air and crouched on his front legs :

This is an invitation to the game

Small jumps up and barks :

Other calls to the game Desire friendly relations with another animal.

The BARK

When he barks, the dog communicates a warning. Depending on the nature of sound, or expressing joy, or the alert warning home a stranger enters the scene, either fear or doubt …

The grunt

The sound and force of the grunt vary depending on the breed of dog. It’s sort of the last warning before the attack. At this point, it is best not to approach the dog!

DOMINANCE AND SUBMISSION

Signs expressing dominance are characterized by a stare, hair back and neck bristling, lips curled … The dominant dog puts his paw on the opponent submitted, at the tail down and ears back patch. The dog translates dominated his defeat by lying on your back, neck and genitals offered her attacker winner, who will not attack his enemy had subjected himself.

THE MEANING

To contact them, dogs use their sense of smell, hearing, sight and touch:

Smell :

This meaning is most developed in the dog. Odorants or “pheromones” are secreted in urine, feces and vaginal secretions. The male relieves himself tirelessly to find out his identity: gender, physiological state … When they are in heat, females about a subject they urinate fragrant spotted several miles away! It’s like that twice a year with a bitch, or up to 20 jets of urine at the time for the dogs!

Sounds :

The grunts, barks, yelps, squeals, moans, squeals … are sounds emitted by dogs and having a specific meaning: threat, warning, alert, hungry, submission, distress, boredom …

Sight:

The visual signs are reflected in body posture, facial expressions: domination and submission expressed by attitudes recognizable.

Touch :

This sense occurs during certain matches: Dogs allowed to mate with a dog, dogs will graze the nose, those who sleep together (this can be two dogs or a dog and a cat or another animal, it all depends on socialization to accustom the puppy to live with another animal will make him feel the same attachment to this species is the phenomenon of “footprint”). Individual preferences appear among animals. A female in heat can repel a male to mate with another.

Pheromones are chemicals secreted by living organisms (animals or plants) that allow individuals of the same species to communicate among themselves. This mode of communication, although unknown, is essential for many living things, especially for insects: it is thanks to the pheromones that ants will find the way to its nest and its congeners indicate a food source that it will be found. It is through studying the reproductive behavior of a moth by a French entomologist – Jean-Henry Fabre – that the existence of pheromones was discovered. He succeeded in showing that the secretions of a female sex pheromones could attract males within a radius of 25 kilometers!

And mammals?

Similarly, in mammals, pheromones are primarily known until now for their action in the field of reproduction: the man has used sex pheromone in an attempt to synchronize estrus or highlight came in the heat, especially sows. Since 1995, a French research laboratory, Phérosynthèse, works on the topic of pheromones in mammals. Their initial findings have enabled the development of pheromones for the cat.

THE FACE OF THE PHEROMONES CHAT:

1 / Disorders of territorial marking.

The first marketed by the laboratory as the CEVA Feliway, is a compound identical to the cat facial secretions deposited on the objects of its territory. The message carried by these pheromones is like this: “All these things are mine, they are securely in place, so good.”

Studies have shown that a significant loss of these marks (work, painting, moving, etc ….) Completely disoriented the cat and made him anxious: the cat is in such a state of “nervousness” that it is impossible now facially mark the objects of his territory! The only marking that it manages to do is a urine marking! The cat becomes anxious messy, which of course poses considerable problems for owners.

The use of Feliway allows the owner to defuse the crisis by marking new territory with a cat’s marking soothing. The cat then finds his familiar brands, its excitability decreases, it stops and starts his urine marking facially to mark its territory.

The Feliway has a genuine anti-stress used in a variety of situations:

- It can be used while traveling, by tagging the transport cage. This helps to fight against the constant mewing, hyper salivation, vomiting and diarrhea due to stress of transport.

- When any change of location: a move, but also of work, vacation or stay with friends and also pension. Pheromones reduce the stress change territory: the cat is less prostrate and his appetite is not disturbed.

The huge advantage of this anti-stress is its lack of toxicity. The job security is tied to two things: first, the product mimics a natural substance secreted by the cat, so this is a completely natural product. Then it was shown he did not need to enter the cat’s body to perform its action. Indeed, the substance is seen at a particular organ located on the floor of the nasal cavity, called the vomeronasal organ, which then sends a message to the brain, so this is not the product that will act at the brain, unlike a drug. Thus, his action does no toxicity or in the brain or the liver or kidney!

The Feliway, sold initially only in spray-form (15 and 60 ml) is now also marketed as electric diffuser of the same type as the disseminators of insecticides. This new format offers the advantage of a real ease of use: just plug the diffuser, and it acts for a month to an area of ​​70 m2. The spray is handy for use when traveling or to defuse the urine marking in areas particularly soiled. Attention however to observe a strict rule to use the spray: the smell of the vehicle, ie the substance that keeps the pheromone into the bottle, is very unpleasant for the cat! It is necessary to wait ten minutes before bringing the cat in the area that was marked by the spray, until the vehicle has evaporated.

2 / Acceptance of a newcomer.

The Felifriend is a copy of another cat facial pheromone. This serves to mark an individual or a pet. When a person has already seen this pheromone, the cat feels reassured, and re turn deposit their own brand.

The Felifriend has first been used by veterinarians and professionals who handle cats. The approach and handling of animals are easier and they keep a better souvenir of his visit to the vet, which makes the next visit more relaxed, etc.. Etc.. …

The other use of this product is accepted by a cat called “resident” of a newcomer in the house: another cat, a dog, a child or an adult. Often, this new arrival is felt by the cat already living in places like a real intrusion. Or he flees, or, more frequently, conflicts arise. It starts with simple skirmishes then it ends with real fighting.

The Felifriend applied by the owner on the two animals, promotes the rapid acceptance and smooth almost new entrant. The joint action of Felifriend and Feliway very problematic in some situations has a resolution of the conflict on the first day of use!

The acceptance of a dog is also very much facilitated by the use of Felifriend applied to the sides of the dog.

THE MATERNAL PHEROMONE OF THE DOG: THE DOG OR APAISINE DAP

1 / What are apaisines?

After the cat’s facial pheromones, the research team Phérosynthèse turned to a larger project on many more species including the dog.

The attachment of mother to her puppies and puppies inversely to their mother is a phenomenon much studied but still very mysterious.

The observation of a mother and her puppies shows that in the days after birth, when a puppy is removed from his mother, he showed signs of distress, he struggles, cries and tries to find the contact her mother kicking. If the puppy is placed in a medium sweet and hot, diminish signs of distress but are still present: the mother gives them something extra that reassures them. Why not they would intervene pheromones in this phenomenon? The mother produces a substance responsible for it to calm the baby?

To answer this question, samples of skin secretions in the breasts were performed in lactating females and in females outside the breeding season. It has been shown to produce certain substances a few days after birth until the pups are able to move. These substances have a soothing function: they remove the signs of distress issued by the puppy. They were given a name: Dog Appeasing Pheromones (DAP), which means “dog appeasing pheromone”.

The team then wanted Phérosynthèse test a hypothesis a bit mad and if these substances were functional in the adult dog, then there would be a simple and completely natural to fight against stress! Numerous studies have confirmed that followed, as we will show you.

2 / What uses in dogs?

- Transport stress

One of the first situations of stress that has interested researchers is transport. The use of DAP has shown its interest in reducing the manifestations of fear such as body tremors, panting, hyper salivation, diarrhea and vomiting.

Owners who used the product have also reported that the dog showed fewer signs of distress during the journey: it is less prone and more comfortable. The DAP has also been used for the transfer of a wolf between two zoos in the Netherlands to France. Calmness displayed by the animal during the entire transport stunned animal, who pointed out that the wolf had not left the area of ​​the cage where the pheromone was applied.

- The fear of firecrackers

This use of DAP has been validated by the department “study of behavior and animal welfare” at Lincoln University in Great Britain. In this country the night of 5 November is a time of fireworks and firecrackers, which disturb many of our four-legged friends: they are panting, shaking, hiding in a mouse hole, panic, s ‘wave, scanning for the presence of their master, barking, destroy, urinate on them vomit. The DAP has been installed as electric diffuser two weeks before the scheduled date of fireworks and left another week after the stressful event. Of all signs of fear, the results are very satisfactory, particularly when the animal panting, trembling, cowers, barks and destroys (between 70% and 90% improvement). Over 70% of owners say they are satisfied or very satisfied with the DAP and 80% of them said they would like to reuse the DAP in the future.

DAP appears to be the substance of choice for the treatment of fear of gunfire and thunder. Unfortunately, the DAP is currently marketed by veterinarians in the form of electric diffusers, which imposes a use inside a room. Currently, studies of the effectiveness of DAP in a form usable by external Phérosynthèse are carried out and should lead to commercialization in 2003.

THE STRESS OF THE SEPARATION

Everyone has heard or has someone in his entourage whose dog howls, destroyed or urine in the house when left alone. These problems related to separation is an important cause of dropouts (almost 33% of cases of abandonment by the APS) and are witness to a malaise of our four-legged friends.

DAP reduces in less than 15 days between 70% and 80% destruction, filth and screaming. She appears as effective as conventional drugs used in this type of problems, without having adverse effects: no vomiting, no tremors, no nausea, no fatigue. This product has already avoided many of euthanasia and abandonment!

The stress of kennel

The increasing number of pensions for dogs and cats reduces the number of dropouts during the holidays. Although a considerable effort has been provided by those responsible kennel on improving the care and comfort of animals, many dog ​​owners are still reluctant to leave their pets in these structures. In fact, they expect the dog live badly this separation. This situation is very similar to problems related to separation as described above. Board, a number of dog express their distress in partially refusing to eat, staying in a corner, or rather, screaming all day, tearing his hair, maiming or even by throwing himself against the bars.

When the configuration of the permitted (part of the cage inside), an electric diffuser DAP was used in this type of situation. All dogs are much better supported the stay with the DAP as previous visits without DAP. In addition, some dogs it was impossible to leave before pension were well acclimated when the product has been connected. He had been asked the owner to place the diffuser in their home a few days before, then the diffuser was installed near the cage in the pension.

ADOPT A PUPPY

Also in the area of ​​separation, the first separation, the mother and her puppies at the time of sale or adoption is one of the uses of the product. Very often, the owner, full of good intentions for the education of his puppy tries to make him sleep elsewhere in the room. But the puppy is crying, screaming and too often the owner “crack” starts a bad habit. The DAP, in the calm puppy reduces the intensity of crying and screaming, which preserves the owners sleep and helps maintain good sleeping habits.

Health problems related to stress.

It is now accepted by the scientific community that many health problems are related to or aggravated by stress. Thus, allergy problems (respiratory or dermatological) problems of regular vomiting, seizures type “epilepsy”, susceptibility to infections, can be improved if we reduce stress and it increases the dog’s well be. Studies are being conducted by Phérosynthèse in partnership with veterinarians specializing in dermatology, neurology and gastrology to confirm the interest of the use of DAP in such cases.

HOW TO PROVIDE AND USE THESE PRODUCTS?

Pheromones of dogs and cats are sold through veterinarians.

Optimal use of pheromone electric diffuser means to follow a few precautions to maximize its effectiveness:

- Plug it into the main room or living animals. If he has access to several pieces, be aware that a device covers between 70 and 90 m2. For two floors, it is better to use two devices.

- It is preferable to connect the device height, out of reach of children and animals. Above all, do not plug it behind furniture: furniture that interferes with the proper dissemination of pheromones.

- Although verify that the outlet works and is not connected to a wall switch. Indeed, in this case, taking only works when the lights are on and there is evidence that the product is really effective when used continuously.

IN CONCLUSION

Pheromones appear as products of the future in the fight against stress and improve well-being of our four-legged friends. Research in the field of soothing pheromones can explore other uses and other forms of presentation (DAP as a necklace).

In addition, other avenues of research remain to be explored in the field of pheromones of the dog, since it was shown that the secretions of a dominant pheromone were not the same as those of a dominated. These pheromones they would reduce the abuse of dominance and fighting between dogs? A lot of work ahead to address these issues strengths.

To avoid these situations and the resulting stress, here are some simple tips:

- From an early age, you should accustom the puppy to be handled. From a simple brushing with hugs and “mash up” and that in various positions: standing, sitting or lying down. Look at his eyes, ears, paws and pads, mouth and teeth in your gestures accompanying verbal encouragement and hugs. Install it on a table, making you help if its weight is already large, so as to avoid abrupt and repeat your encouragement and hugs. As in his docility, reward him a treat.

He quickly combine these exercises with something positive for him.

- Teach them to wear a muzzle , if it belongs to a race or categorized in anticipation of a medical procedure requiring it.

Initially it does impose that during a relatively short period of time, preferably during a game or for no particular reason, and always accompanies the state of hugs and encouragement.

- Familiarize him with his cage or bag, so it does not consistently associated with a negative event.

For example you can leave this conveyance near his kennel or litter to make it part of their usual environment. You can also use it sometimes game accessory, with inputs and outputs successive alternating with periods of occupation.

- Take it out occasionally for a drive, so that the vehicle is not him either associated with a negative situation.

- Remember to make him do his business before going to the vet. Waiting too long or too much emotion could generate a feeling of discomfort or bring your pet to relieve itself unexpectedly.

If you apply these tips, visits to the vet should no longer cause undue anxiety in your pet, allowing him to provide the necessary care in the best conditions.

The dog has a much better night vision than humans because it has a reflective surface behind the retina, the rug, which reflects light and gives an effect of shining eyes in the dark. He can distinguish a moving prey, like his ancestor the wolf recognized for its ability to hunt at night.

However, the dog is slightly nearsighted!

His visual acuity is much worse than ours: he sees the details of an object if placed within 50 cm. It hard to distinguish the colors: the visual spectrum is only going from yellow to blue.
The arrangement of the eyes to an important position in the vision of the dog. It varies according to race (a poodle’s eyes are closer together than a greyhound, for example).
The eyes of the dog being placed on the sides of the head, it has a more limited depth perception that the cat or the man who had binocular vision (both eyes placed frontally).
Cons by his vision is broader, he sees better the movements of his master when he walks beside her. The field of vision of dogs is approximately 250 degrees.
For example, the horse has eyes placed laterally, like most herbivores. This allows him to have a very wide field of view (or even watch the rider on his back), very useful to identify the reach of a predator. But his vision is very limited relief and is directed downwards (pasture grass), hence the characteristic behavior of the horse, who looks up into the air to observe an object straight ahead.
The lion, large predatory animal, has a narrow field of view and directed forward. The pupil of the great carnivore is round, unlike that of their prey (antelope), which is elongated.
The rabbit has a remarkable panoramic vision: a vision of 360 ° to the horizontal but also the ability to see over him! Without moving his eyes, he sees any danger ahead.

Detailed Eye

In summary

The vision of the dog is less accurate than the man because of his lack of understanding of color and detail. But the combination of its meaning (its global vision combined with his excellent hearing and a keen sense of smell) gives it a status of domestic mammals appreciated by humans, he endowed the essential tasks such as rescue and assistance in critical situations.